How groundwater pressure, flow paths and chemistry affect tunnel construction and long-term performance, and what investigation and monitoring can reveal.
Plan seismic rehabilitation around route availability: assess ground and structural failure modes, dependencies, repairability and evidence needed to reopen.
How groundwater pressure, flow paths and chemistry affect tunnel construction and long-term performance, and what investigation and monitoring can reveal.
Plan seismic rehabilitation around route availability: assess ground and structural failure modes, dependencies, repairability and evidence needed to reopen.